After 9/11 a climate of fear was created in order to shut down any opposition to the Bush Administration’s new agenda. A week after 9/11 Anthrax began appearing in the mail. The letters were made to look as though they were the work of Muslim extremists, claiming Death to America and Allah is Great ... When the FBI tested the Anthrax it was highly refined and weaponised. Colin Powell would go on CNN and deny these allegations ... The Anthrax used in the attacks ... led the investigation to Fort Detrick. Fabled Enemies documentary, 2008
Genetic fingerprinting studies indicate that the Anthrax spores mailed to Capitol Hill are identical to stocks of the deadly bacteria maintained by the US Army since 1980. Those labs can trace back their samples to a single military source ... Fort Detrick in Maryland. Washington Post article
Dick Cheney’s staff were ordered to begin taking the antibiotic Cipro ... weeks before the first Anthrax attacks began. 9/11 Connections: Everybody’s Gotta Learn Sometime
It came through the mail just weeks after 9/11. Noon terrorist attacks, first in Florida, then New York and Washington. Anthrax. It spread fear and panic through the nation. Anthrax War, 2009
The US bio-warfare programme was born here [Fort Detrick] during World War II ... The spores of weaponised anthrax are processed into a fine aerosolled powder. ibid.
In the wake of the anthrax letters an important lead seems to have been overlooked. The Baltimore Sun reported US army scientists in Utah had been making weapons-grade anthrax and shipping it to Fort Detrick. The anthrax spores were virtually identical to those mailed to Congress. ibid.
Fort Detrick scientist Frank Olson was a liaison between the two facilities [Portland Down and Fort Detrick]. On November 28th 1953 Olson fell thirteen stories from a New York City hotel room. Was his death part of a pattern of mysterious deaths of bio-weapon scientists, including that of Anthrax Letter suspect Bruce Ivins also of Fort Detrick? Did all three scientists [inc David Kelly] know too much? ibid.
In October 2001, just weeks after 9/11, there was a chilling new wave of attacks. Five deaths, attacks in Florida and New York, tens of thousands of Americans were given antibiotics. The nation’s capital was hit. A massive FBI criminal investigation would soon be underway. Frontline: The Anthrax Files, PBS 2011
All of them came from a single strain of Anthrax – the Ames Strain ... The anthrax of choice for the US Army’s bio-weapons vaccine programme. ibid.
Just days after his suicide, the government made its case against Bruce Ivins. ibid.
In a carefully worded statement the National Academy of Sciences questioned the FBI’s assertion that Ivins’ flask was the murder weapon. ibid.
The evening of September 11: White House staff are placed on a regimen of the antibiotic Cipro, which can defend against Anthrax affliction. One week later: US Army Anthrax-laced mail that targets Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy is first sent. Daschle and Leahy oppose the White House ‘Patriot Act’ prior to being targeted by Anthrax-laced mail. Empire of Oil: The Hidden History of 9/11
By gas we mean those products of the chemical industry that can be used as chemical weapons during battle with the aim of acting on the enemy and putting him out of action. In the same way, chemical substances, developed by the minds and work of hundreds, were already an effective weapon during the First World War. We must therefore expect the enemy to use them again in this war and be prepared at any time. Kampfstoffe, National Socialist propaganda film 1940
Sarin was different: one could never see, smell or taste it. With Sarin, death came with no warning. The Reich Underground: Terror From Below
I have decided that the United States of America will renounce the use of any form of deadly biological weapons that either kill or incapacitate. Richard Nixon, broadcast 25th November 1969
In 1969 Richard Nixon renounced the use of biological weapons for the United States ... Even at its peak the US offensive programme paled compared to the Soviet Union’s. The Soviets had a massive, extensive, sophisticated top-secret programme which employed tens of thousands of scientists and engineers in numerous research and production facilities. Doctor Joanne Cono, propaganda spokeswoman for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
I remember that date quite well. Because following his [Richard Nixon’s] announcement of taking munitions and beating them into plough-shares, we all lost our job. And that was a very traumatic experience. But following his presidential announcement on this date [25th November 1969], the entire United States offensive programme on biological warfare came to a close within two years. We destroyed all of our seed stocks, we destroyed all of our production material ... and we completely got out of the biological warfare business. Dr William C Patrick III, CIA propagandist, television interview
cf.
For example, when we were having trouble with the Soviet Union and Cuba, we produced about 3,000 gallons of Q Fever and about 2,500 gallons of VEE Virus, both liquid, and the concept was if we got into a shooting war that we would spray these organisms concomitantly. Dr William C Patrick III, 1999 lecture Maxwell Air Force Base
By 1970, a year after Nixon ratified the Geneva Protocol, nothing had changed except the public’s perception of Chemical Biological Weapons risk. Rather than receive the promised annual cut in biological warfare research funding, the Department of Defense’s Biological Weapons budget increased from $21.9 to $23.2 million. The stockpiled biological weapons Nixon pledged would be rapidly destroyed remained intact in Pine Bluff, Arkansas ... And the announced transition of Fort Detrick from a BW testing facility to a solely defensive NIH-run health-research lab had not occurred. Nature magazine
Within the next five to ten years it would probably be possible to make a new infective micro-organism which could differ in certain important aspects from any known disease-causing organisms. Most important of these is that it might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease ... It is highly controversial and there are many who believe such research should not be undertaken. Congressional Record 1969, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1970
World-famous microbiologist Sir McFarlane Burnet, the Nobel Prize winner received as Australia’s greatest medical research scientist, secretly urged the government to develop biological weapons for use against Indonesia and other overpopulated countries of South East Asia.
The revelation is contained in top secret files declassified by the National Archives of Australia despite resistance from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. theage online news report
US Admits Bio-Weapon Tests: The United States secretly tested chemical and biological weapons on American soil in the 1960s, newly classified Pentagon reports show. Associated Press article 9th October 2002 Washington
Records: US did open-air biological, chemical tests in Florida. Associated news report Matt Kelley 8th October 2002
US conducted open-air tests of biological, chemical weapons. Associated News report
In November 1969 president Richard Nixon made a startling declaration. ‘The United States of America will renounce the use of any form of deadly biological weapon.’ Living Weapon, PBS 2013
America’s bio-weapons were fuelled by fear. And insulated with secrecy. ibid.
Henry Stimson to President Roosevelt: ‘Biological warfare is dirty business; but I think we must be prepared.’ ibid.
US researchers would be trying to make weapons from the deadliest germs known to science. ibid.
Maryland ... Camp Detrick: Botulinum. The most lethal substance ever discovered. ibid.
In 1925 in Geneva over thirty countries signed a protocol. ibid.
The scientific creation of new weapons of mass destruction. ibid.
The Soviet Union ... would drive the American program for decades to come. ibid.
The Japanese crossed an ethical line. ibid.
The US had led war criminals go free for junk science. ibid.
American planners took their secret exercises into the American heartland. ibid.
What You Should Know About Biological Warfare. ibid. booklet
In a period of escalating Cold War tensions Americans were encouraged by their government to prepare for a germ assault from a ruthless Russian enemy. ibid.
At least half the exposed men became sick. ibid.
Millions were in germ war tests: much of Britain was exposed to bacteria sprayed in secret trials. Guardian online article Antony Barnett 21st October 2002
Portland Down chemical weapons tests unethical, says report. Guardian online report 15th July 2006 by Rob Evans
US planes sprayed much of Wiltshire with Sarin. Times online article 10th October 2002 by Ayres and Evans