Our world, our solar system, our universe: none of it would exist without a ghostly particle called the Neutrino. They are our early warning system. Neutrinos trigger star-killing explosions: supernova. These tiny particles saved the infant universe from destruction. Neutrinos are the key to how the universe works. How the Universe Works s9e9: Secret Lives of Neutrino, Science 2021
Neutrinos form during nuclear fusion reactions inside the core of stars. ibid.
How can we see inside the sun? How can we confirm the existence of fusion? Surprisingly, the answer comes in the form of a practically undetectable particle … a particle without mass or electric charge … this particle was later dubbed neutrino, or little neutral one. Neutrino: Measuring the Unexpected, 2014
In the same nuclear reaction at the core of the sun neutrinos are emitted at the rate of one neutrino for every million photons. ibid.
About 3% of the total energy radiated by the sun is in the form of neutrinos. ibid.
Their results still showed lower neutrinos that original calculations. ibid.
‘The neutrinos change ‘flavour’ … We don’t know why.’ ibid. scientist
We live in a world of matter. A realm of tiny particles far smaller than atoms that build the universe we know. But there is a mystery. Of all the particles scientists have discovered, the strangest and most elusive of all seem to defy our understanding of how the universe works. They are called neutrinos. Everywhere and nowhere, neutrinos are so ghostly, they can pass through solid matter as if it didn’t exist. And yet they hold the secrets to why the stars shine and what our universe is made of. Neutrino: Hunting the Ghost Particle, BBC 2021
Today, the quest to detect neutrinos has triggered multi-million-dollar experiments all over the globe. Now tantalising new evidence suggests neutrinos could be the link between our familiar world of matter and an unknown world of particles waiting to be discovered. ibid.
‘Neutrinos have got no electric charge, they’ve almost got no mass at all: they are so near to nothing as you can imagine.’ ibid. Frank Close
This mysterious fourth type of neutrino would lie outside the three already known to exist, and could be a link to an unknown realm of new particles. ibid.
Neutrinos change their identity; neutrinos have mass after all. ibid.
Most of what our universe is made of is missing. ibid.
But how do you study or even detect the smallest known particle in the universe, a particle so small we don’t actually know how small it is? The Entire History of the Universe e14: What Happened to All the Neutrinos, 2021
The physicist and mathematician Wolfgang Pauli had proposed the concept of the neutrino. ibid.
Neutrinos are the ultimate mutual particle. They are not composed of small pieces and are neither influenced by electric or magnetic fields. ibid.
Neutrinos it turned out did not travel faster than the speed of light. ibid.